BRYOPHYTA

BRYOPHYTA 

There are two different stage in the life cycle of Bryophyta.

1. Gametophyte 
2. Sporophyte 

• Plants of bryophyte (main body of bryophyte) is gametophyte i.e. haploid 
• Sex organ are formed on gametophyte
• Sex organ are multicellular & jacketed in bryophyte.
• Male sex organ is called antheridium. & female sex organ called archegonium
• Female gamete or egg is formed in archegonium. (non-motile).
• In bryophyte fertilisation  take place by zoidogamy I.e (male gamete reaches the female gamete to fertilizes it.
• As a result of fertilisation diploid zygote is formed .
• This zygote intiate the sporophytic generation.
• Zygote further developed by mitosis & form Embryo them sporophyte.
• The sporophyte of bryophyte is non-differenitated into root,stem & leaf but it is made up of foot, seta & capsule so known as sporogonium.
• Spore mother cell present inside the capsule of the sprophyte
• Meiosis takes place in mother cell & forms spore.
• After release from the capsule the spore germinate.
• The germination of spore is direct or indirect. In liver worths and horn worth germination is directly I.e. each spore form a gametophyte means after germination each spore form one plants.
• The germination of mosses is indirect. In mosses multicellular filamentous body protons form after germination now buds are formed on protonema
• Each bus grow & form a gametophyta & form a new plant 
• The sexual reproduction in bryophyte is monogamous cases female gamete is non-native & life cycle is haplo-diploid
• Study of bryophyte is known as broyology
• Bryophyte is the first land plant. They originated form aq. plants & they come on land through water.
• Bryophyte is known as amphibian of plant kingdom (because these plants can live in soil but can reproduce in water)
• Vascular tissue are absent. 
• Roots are absent in bryophyte 
• Stem like & leaf like of "are functionally similar to stem & leaf of higher plants
• Bryophyte are sciophyte i.e grow in moist & shady places
• Bryophyte is divided into three classes 

1. Hepaticosida (Liver worts)
2. Anthocerotopsida (Horn worts)
3. Bryoside or musci (Mosses)

Hepaticosida:-

All the bryophyte included in this class are liver like:-

E.x:-Marchantia or flat (Riccisa) so they known 

• Plants body is phallus like & dorsivental.
• Rhizoids & scales are present on thallus. Where Rhizoids  unicellular &  unbranched & scales are multicellular. 
• Sporophyte of liver worts are completely depends on gametophyte for food, water & habitat.
• Sporophyte made up of foot, seta & capsule.
• Exception:-Ricssia have only capsule

Note:-In bryophyte sporophyte of Russia is simplest (as made up of only capsule) 

2. Asexual rep.:-In livercoorts takes place by fragmentation of thallus or by the formation of specialized structure called Gemmae.

*Gemmae are green multicellular, asexual bud which develops in small receptacles called gemmae cup located on the thallium. The Gemmae become detaches from the parents & germination to form new individual.

Ex:-Marchantia

●During sexual reproduction male or female are produced on same (ricssia) or on other thallus (marchantia)